If raw data are not processed, presented in a format that can be understood and used by decision-makers, then access to data will not make a difference, even if available in large amounts.

The main objective of a “data processing/ information production” phase is to transform raw data into understandable information that corresponds to requirements and to the target public.

Data = Direct result of a measurement, not interpreted Information = Set of data processed, formatted and interpreted, to which a meaning is given Knowledge = Result of a reflection on the analyzed information

The standard methodology related to this phase generally includes:

- Identification of information needs: information for whom, for what, in what format, etc.

- Identification of how to present the information and the communication support

- Identification/quality control of the available datasets and cleaning: consistency check, possible correction, etc.

- Data processing: exploitation (calculations, cross-referencing, etc.)

- Analysis: interpretation of the results

- Enhancing: formatting, attribution of a meaning

- Dissemination and communication.

Metadata catalogues help to identify the existing datasets and check if their characteristics correspond to the needs.

A broad range of tools is available to assist data analysis and processing. The various types of tools used for data processing include:

- Spreadsheets and databases

- Database management tools

- Geographic information systems

- Tools for statistical data analysis, data mining (making predictions and decisions on the data you have at hand)

- ETL (Extract- Transform- Load) tools

- Modelling tools

- etc. 

This data processing and valorization is generally done :

- In transforming data into maps and indicators/dashboards

- Through modelling tools;

- Through other specific tools such as statistical analysis tools

Hereafter are presented:

- Some "Case studies with data processing and visualisation" presented by the partners

- Some  "Modelling tools" presented by the partners

- Some "Data processing tools" presented by partner